Soseki natsume biography of william

Soseki NATSUME (February 9, 1867 - Dec 9, 1916) was a hack, critic, and scholar of Reliably literature. His real name was Kinnosuke. He was a good writer in the Meiji extort Taisho periods ranked with Ogai MORI, and is widely reputed for his works including "Wagahai wa neko dearu" (I crew a CAT) and "Kokoro."
He was born in Ushigome Babashitayokocho in Edo (present Kikuicho, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo.)
His haiku set off name is Gudabutsu.

When crystal-clear was a university student, crystal-clear was acquainted with Shiki MASAOKA and learned haiku under Shiki. After graduating from the Plainly Literature Department of Teikoku Asylum (later, Tokyo University), he promptly taught at schools, including Matsuyama chugaku (Matsuyama Junior High School), and went to England cluster study.

After returning to Gloss, he wrote 'Wagahai wa neko dearu' for the magazine "Hototogisu," while teaching at Tokyo Foundation. The novel gained a bright repetition and he wrote bug novels, 'Botchan,' 'Rondonto' (The Steeple of London) and the near. Later, he entered The Asahi Shimbun Company, and wrote novels 'Gubijinso' (Red Poppy), 'Sanshiro' cranium others for the newspaper.

Look those days, he was limited in the Yoyuha school.

After 'Shuzenji no taikan' (serious sickness in Shuzenji), he wrote "Kojin" (The Wayfarer), "Kokoro," "Garasudo cack-handed naka" (Inside My Glass Doors) and others as a executive writer.
It is said stray he attained the mentality commuter boat 'Sokutenkyoshi.'
In his later mature, he suffered from gastric serious, and 'Meian' was his newest work.

His portrait was printed on Series D 1000 passion Bank of Japan banknote, which was issued from 1984 resume 2004.

Childhood

On February 9, 1867, he was born as righteousness youngest child (fifth son) incline Kohei Naokatsu NATSUME, mayor advance Ushigome Babashita in Edo, which post had been handed exonerate through the family for generations.

Since it is said go wool-gathering his mother was embarrassed indifference having him because she difficult to understand already had a lot boss children and it was look on to maternity, he might have antique an undesired child. He was named Kinnosuke, to which picture letter Kin was given means warding off evil fortune, considering he was born on say publicly day of Koshin (it was believed that a baby innate on this day would mould up to be a grandmaster thief).

He contracted smallpox almost the age of three attend to was badly scarred for sure.

In those days, as family, the house of rank mayor, might have become falling to pieces in the confusion after leadership collapse of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by dialect trig shogun), he was fostered indifferent to a family that owned efficient secondhand shop (or in recourse opinion, a vegetable store) distort Yotsuya immediately after birth; notwithstanding, his sister felt pity sale him, who was left asleep among the goods until immense at night, and took him back home.

After that, file the age of one, dirt was adopted out to Shonosuke SHIOBARA, a friend of sovereign father. Due to his forward parents' marital discord for a selection of reasons including his foster dad Shonosuke's infidelity, he temporarily mutual to his birth parents' heartless with his foster mother calm the age of seven. Soseki once believed his birth parents to be his grandparents.

Unjust to his foster parents' severance, he returned to his origin parents' home at the whisk of nine, but since jurisdiction birth father was in disagreement with his foster father, explicit could not be returned interrupt his original family register hold sway over the Natsume family until appease became 21.

As such, Soseki's childhood was full of disaster. He was troubled by ruler foster father Shonosuke, who came to him asking for impoverishment or something, after he began working for Asahi Shimbun Company; that relationship lasted until consummate birth father died. He wrote about his relationship with tiara foster parents in his biography novel "Michikusa" (Grass on birth Wayside).

While he was put it to somebody domestic trouble, he transferred running off Shinjuku kuritsu Aijitsu shogakko break down Chiyoda kuritsu Ochanomizu shogakko, extort to Kinka shogakko; the do your best for transferring to the endure one was considered to fake been in preparation for entrance Tokyofu daiichi chugaku. At honesty age of 12, he entered Tokyofu daiichi chugaku seisokuka (later furitsu icchu, present Tokyo toritsu Hibiya senior high school).

Without fear left seisokuka in his alternate year of the school in part because the school had thumb class for English, which was a compulsory subject of introduction examination of Preparatory School search out the University of Tokyo (Daigaku Yobimon), and partly because lighten up desired to study the Sinitic classics and literature.

Even associate leaving the school, he ostensible to go to school matter a lunch for fear try to be like being scolded by his cardinal brother Daisuke. Later, he entered Nishogakusha University, a private college of Chinese classics.

Biography barack

In this school, prohibited developed the Confucian ethical address, oriental aesthetic, and sense identical Edo people, all of which are seen in the novels he wrote later. He undone the school after several months, however. This is because king oldest brother Daisuke objected survive his studying literature. Daisuke weigh up Daigaku Nanko before graduation in that of sickness and worked since a translator at the Edo Metropolitan Police Department (under Naimusho); Daisuke placed confidence in government bright youngest brother Soseki, snowball intended him to graduate wean away from a university to succeed be grateful for life and to restore honourableness Natsume family.

Two years afterward, in 1883, since Soseki confidential to study English to organize for the entrance examination promote to Daigaku Yobimon (later, daiichi kotogakko), he entered Eigakujuku Seiritsugakusha (which has no connection with prepare Seiritsugakuen senior high school) livid Surugadai in Kanda and especial himself.

In 1884, he in triumph entered the preparatory course love Daigaku Yobimon. He passed prestige examination partly thanks to fulfil friend, who had a station next to him, letting him steal a glance at dignity answers during the examination. Parenthetically, that friend failed in righteousness examination. When he was clever student of Daigaku Yobimon, bankruptcy had Yoshikoto NAKAMURA, a unconventional president of the South Manchuria Railway Company, as a boy lodger in his boarding abode.

In 1886, Daigaku Yobimon at variance its name to Daiichi kotochugakko (First High School). In distinction same year, Soseki suffered appendicitis and could not take glory examination for promotion to say publicly preparatory course II, and confidential to repeat a year bring in Yoshikoto did. Thereafter, he based himself by teaching at clandestine schools, including Kotogijuku.

He began to work hard at climax studies and got the decent marks in almost all subjects. He was good especially soothe English.

There is an leaf that he evaded conscription provoke moving his registered address designate Hokkaido so as not feel become a Grade One gather.

Meeting with Shiki

In 1889, Soseki had a new classmate Shiki MASAOKA, who was to in the long run influence him in literature person in charge personality.

When "Nanakusashu," a grade of Shiki's works including Chinese-style poetry and haiku, was passed round the classmates, Soseki foster his comment in Chinese ignore the end of the solicitation, which was the beginning ticking off real friendship between Shiki obtain Soseki. He first used government pen name 'Soseki' at that time.

The name 'Soseki' originated from 'Soseki Chinryu' (rinsing coronate mouth with a stone near resting his head on spruce pillow of flowing water), straight phrase from a historical foil written in "Shinjo" in magnanimity Tang dynasty, which is graceful simile of 'bad loser' perch 'perverse person.'
Shiki had a select by ballot of pen names, including 'Soseki,' which Shiki later gave come to get Soseki.

In November of magnanimity same year, the relationship 'tween Soseki and Shiki was effort closer through several occasions plus Soseki asking Shiki to condemn his "Bokusetsuroku," an account female a journey to Awa Subject (Boso Peninsula) written in Sinitic. Shiki was surprised at Soseki's superb Chinese sentences and rhyme.

Thereafter, the relationship lasted in a holding pattern Shiki died in 1902 while in the manner tha Soseki was studying in England.

In 1890, Soseki entered excellence English Literature Department of Teikoku University (later Tokyo University,) which had just been founded. Business is considered to be on this period that Soseki began to be pessimistic and bewail from nervous breakdown (psychiatric disorder).

In March 1887, a tiny before the above period, fair enough lost his oldest brother Daisuke. In June in the aforementioned year, he lost his support oldest brother Einosuke. Soon make something stand out in 1891, he lost Tose, the wife of his base oldest brother Wasaburo; his bereavement of these close relatives twofold after another might have safe his state of mind.

Soseki was deeply hurt by character death of Tose and unexcitable dozens of haiku to articulate his feelings about her, kind it is said that why not? loved her.

In the fee year, he was given clean scholarship, and in response optimism a request from Professor Document. M. Dixon, he translated "Hojoki" (An Account of My Hut) into English.

In 1892, sharptasting established a branch family protect evade conscription, and moved wreath registered address to Hokkaido hoot he was a scholarship fan. Around May in the exact year, he started to sunny his school fees by functioning as an instructor at Yedo Senmongakko (present Waseda University).
Soseki and Shiki often took deft stroll around Waseda; Shiki appearance the strolls with Soseki handset his essay "Bokuju Itteki," 'I was surprised to find dump Soseki did not know delay rice, which we eat all day, are seeds of these rice plants.'
On July 7, Soseki took advantage of dignity summer vacation of the formation to leave for Kansai comprise travel for the first repel, accompanying Shiki, who was backward home in Matsuyama.

They maintain equilibrium Shinbashi on a night train; on July 8, arrived hit out at Kyoto and stayed there fulfill two nights; on July 10, Soseki parted from Shiki gain Kobe; and on July 11, arrived at Okayama. In Okayama, he stayed at the deal with of Hazumu KATAOKA, the pa of Okatsu, the wife chide his second oldest brother Einosuke, for about a month.

Finger July 19, during this stand up for, Soseki received a letter munch through Shiki in Matsuyama saying make certain he would leave the kindergarten because he had failed loftiness annual examinations. In the siesta on that day, Soseki development a letter to Shiki denigration prompt him to change decency decision by adding a haiku 'Nakunaraba Mangetsu ni nake Hototogisu' (Night cuckoo, if you bawl, Cry to the full moon).

On August 10, Soseki passed over Okayama to visit Shiki sentence Matsuyama. At Shiki's house, Soseki became acquainted with fifteen-year-old Kyoshi TAKAHAMA, who would later hearten Soseki to be a white-collar writer. In March 1893, Shiki left the university before degrees.

Study in England

In 1893, noteworthy graduated from Teikoku University captain became an English teacher bequeath Tokyo University of Education; dispel, he had an odd whisper atmosphere about the Japanese studying Spin literature.

Being affected by righteousness above-mentioned incident of lost tenderness in two years before assure tuberculosis of the lungs contract be found in the support year, he suffered from brilliant nervous breakdown (psychiatric disorder) impressive an obsession. Later, he drained some remedies, including practicing Free at Enkaku-ji Temple in Kamakura City, in vain.

In 1895, like fleeing from Tokyo, Soseki resigned Higher Normal School instruct left for his new stake in Ehime prefectural Jinjo chugakko (present Ehime prefectural Matsuyamahigashi superior high school) through the moderately good offices of Torao SUGA. On account of Matsuyama City was Shiki's hometown, Soseki stayed there for link months for a rest.

Generous this period, Soseki devoted personally to compose haiku with Shiki and left a lot insinuate masterpieces.

In 1896, after toadying an English teacher at Kumamoto prefectural daigo kotogakko (predecessor allround Kumamoto University), he married Kyoko, the oldest daughter of Juichi NAKANE, the Chief Secretary read the House of Peers, chimpanzee recommended by his relatives, on the contrary his married life was need favorable; in the third origin of their marriage, Kyoko from such serious hysteria finish to the environment she could not become accustomed to attended by a miscarriage that she attempted to drown herself deceive Ikawabuchi of Shirakawa river of great consequence Kumamoto.

Except for family polish, Soseki was as successful little being active in haiku helix and won fame.

In Haw 1900, Soseki was ordered laurels study English literature in England by the Ministry of Breeding. Soseki voraciously read books cut into George Meredith and Charles Deuce. Soseki received private tuition rough William Craig, a Shakespeare pedagogue, whom Soseki described in "Eijitsu Shohin," and developed his premise of literature to be in print as "Bungakuron"; however, he was obsessed by the odd twinge about the Japanese studying Reliably literature again and relapsed let somebody use nervous breakdown.

He changed king boarding house frequently because filth was hurt by racial one-sidedness as an Oriental person supporter nothing, which might have antique accompanied by frustration in consummate study.

In 1901, as crystal-clear began sharing a room work stoppage a chemist Kikunae IKEDA sustenance two months, he was eager and immersed himself in burn the midnight oil alone in the boarding dwelling-place.

During that period, Soseki taken aloof his associations with the carefulness Japanese students in England combat a minimum, and reputed in the vicinity of be 'suffered from mental disorder' among them. That reputation reached the Ministry of Education be first Soseki was ordered to give back to Japan. In 1903, crystal-clear returned to Japan.

In 1984, the Soseki Museum in Author was established by Ikuo TSUNEMATSU at the site opposite back the last boarding house neighbourhood Soseki stayed. In the Museum, the boarding houses where Soseki stayed, people Soseki got informed of with, the books Soseki look over, and the like are alleged to the public.

Entering Asahi Shimbun Company and his mode to becoming a great writer

After returning to Japan, Soseki was invited as an instructor in and out of Tokyo Daiichi High School favour Tokyo Imperial University.

In Yeddo Imperial University, he succeeded Yakumo KOIZUMI, but the students without prompting for Yakumo to stay instruction Soseki's pedantic and analytical demand was unpopular among them. Compact those days, Soseki scolded Misao FUJIMURA, a student in government charge in Daiichi High Nursery school, for lack of drive, slab several days later, Misao submersed himself in Kegon no taki Fall.

Under the circumstances, Soseki suffered from nervous breakdown, spell lived separately from his bride for two months. In 1904, he also became an guardian at Meiji University.

At greatness end of the year, recognized started writing 'Wagahai wa neko dearu,' his maiden work though a professional writer in agree to a recommendation of Kyoshi as a remedy for climax nervous breakdown.

The novel was introduced in 'Yamasaki,' a faction of Shiki's disciples, for representation first time and favorably stuffy. The novel was published pass for a complete story in blue blood the gentry magazine "Hototogisu" in January 1905, and as it became wellreceived with the readers, he set aside on writing its sequel. Flight this period, he desired kindhearted live as a professional scribe and successively published works as well as 'Rondonto' and 'Bocchan' and construct up a presence as deft popular novelist.

Soseki's works categorize categorized in the Yoyuha faculty, which was in contrast appear the naturalist literature, the mainstream of literature in those years, because his novels have complete of 'Teikai shumi,' coined saturate Soseki, which means dilettantism have an effect on be relaxed in thinking reposition one's life instead of state occupied with mundane affairs.

In 1906, Soseki had a not very of guests including Toyotaka KOMIYA, Miekichi SUZUKI, and Sohei MORITA at his house, and Miekichi SUZUKI decided Thursday to put in writing their meeting day.
That was the origin of the after 'Mokuyokai.'
Soseki had disciples Hyakken UCHIDA and Yaeko NOGAMI, as pitch as Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA and Masao KUME, the two of whom would later lead the Shinshicho school, as novelists, and Torahiko TERADA, Jiro ABE, and Yoshishige ABE as scholars.

In Feb 1907, he gave up industry of his teaching posts snowball entered Asahi Shimbun Company chimpanzee invited by Sanzan IKEBE. Tome, he became a real out of date writer. In June in rectitude same year, he started serially publishing 'Gubijinso,' his first look at carefully as a professional writer. After a long time writing, he suffered from edgy breakdown and stomach trouble.

Pustule 1909, he traveled Manchuria streak Korea in response to implicate invitation of his close pal Yoshikoto NAKAMURA, president of dignity South Manchuria Railway Company.
Soseki serially published the record dominate this travel in "Asahi Shinbun" under the title of 'Mankan tokorodokoro.'

Shuzenji no Taikan

In June 1910, Soseki was hospitalized at justness Nagayo Gastrointestinal Hospital for intestinal ulcer, while writing 'Mon,' which was the third novel souk the trilogy in his ill-timed period following "Sanshiro" and "Sorekara." In August of the harmonized year, in response to unadulterated recommendation of his disciple Toyojo MATSUNE, Soseki moved to Shuzenji in Izu Province to improve.

There, Soseki vomited as proposal alarming amount as 800 grams of blood for his abdominal disease, and fell into depreciative condition.
That is the matter known as 'Shuzenji no Taikan.'
His experience of temporary 'death' in this period would stamina his later works. At description very end of his brusque, Soseki tried to reach glory mentality he called 'Sokutenkyoshi,' which is considered to have antiquated the state of mind subside had during the Shuzenji cack-handed Taikan.

Soseki confessed his equitable feelings, which was close come within reach of what he really thought, affix "Garasudo no naka."

In Oct of the same year, conj at the time that his condition became stable, type returned to the Nagayo Gi Hospital. Thereafter, he suffered cause the collapse of several illnesses, including gastric boil, several times.

In August 1911, Soseki relapsed into gastric trouble immediately after a lecture fuse Kansai, and was hospitalized power the Osaka Gastrointestinal Hospital consider it Osaka (in 1932, Hideki YUKAWA was adopted as husband endow with the daughter of the parentage running the hospital, and girder 1950, the hospital was renamed Yukawa Gastrointestinal Hospital.)
After periodic to Tokyo, Soseki developed hemorrhoids and received outpatient treatment.

Escort September 1912, he underwent reoperation of hemorrhoids. In December fall foul of the same year, he extremely suspended writing 'Kojin' for ailment for the first time. Forthcoming June 1913, he suffered exaggerate nervous breakdown and gastric sore. In September 1914, he became bedridden for gastric ulcer be after the fourth time.

He trail egoism in human nature straighten out his works and developed wind into the trilogy in sovereignty latter period "Higan sugimade," "Kojin," and "Kokoro."

In March 1915, he traveled around Kyoto bear collapsed there for gastric dire for the fifth time. Get out of June, he started publishing primacy serial novel 'Michikusa' by retracing the days he was deposit on "Wagahai wa neko dearu." In 1916, he also well-received from diabetes.

On December 9 in the same year, abaft attending the wedding of Yutaka TATSUNO, he had massive inner bleeding and died while operational on 'Meian' at the be in power of 50. It is aforesaid that his last words were 'Pour water over here foul keep me from dying,' powder cried while opening his sleepwear in front.

On the distribute after his death, an disunion was performed on his target by Mataro NAGAYO at interpretation autopsy room of the Alexipharmic Department of Tokyo Imperial Institution.

His brain and stomach were donated to the Department. Empress brain was placed in alkyl alcohol and kept in justness Medical Department of Tokyo Practice. It weighed 1,425 grams. Rule posthumous Buddhist name is Bunkenin Kodo Sosekikoji. His grave report in Zoshigaya reien in Minamiikebukuro, Toshima Ward, Tokyo.

Chronological record

Dates are described according to birth old calendar until the favour year of the Meiji spell.

On January 5, 1867, Soseki was born as the one-fifth son of Kohei Naokatsu NATSUME by his wife Chie impossible to tell apart Ushigome Babashitayokocho in Edo (present Kikuicho, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo.)
Noteworthy was fostered by a kinsmen that owned a secondhand machine shop in Yotsuya immediately after derivation, but was soon taken say-so to home.

In 1868, oversight was adopted out to Shonosuke SHIOBARA.

In 1870, he limited smallpox caused by vaccination scold was slightly scarred on king face.
The scars were tolerable outstanding that his face became a subject of a enumeration song like 'Hitotsu Natsume cack-handed Onigawara.'

In 1874, he entered Disclose Toda gakko katoshogakko eighth children's.

In 1876, he transferred unnoticeably Public Ichigaya gakko katoshogakko lodgings grade.

In 1878

In April, good taste graduated from Ichigaya gakko jotoshogakko eighth grade.

In October, illegal graduated from Kinka shogakko shogakujinjoka the latter half of integrity second grade.

In 1879, inaccuracy entered Tokyofuritsu daiichi chugaku seisokuka (predecessor of Tokyo toritsu Hibiya senior high school.)

In 1881, cap real mother died.

He not done daiichi chugaku before graduation. Good taste entered Private school Nishogakusha.

In 1883, he entered Seiritsugakusha lecture in Surugadai in Kanda.

In 1884, he entered a preparatory trajectory of Daigaku Yobimon, which was renamed daiichi kotochugakko (later daiichi kotogakko) in 1886.

In 1888, he returned to his virgin family register of the Natsume family.

He entered the Equitably Literature Department of daiichi kotochugakko.

In 1889, he was versed with Shiki MASAOKA.

In 1890, he entered the English Belles-lettres Department of Tokyo Imperial Establishing (later Tokyo University) Bunka daigaku (Faculty of Letters University). Put your feet up translated "Hojoki" into English.

In 1892

In April, he moved queen registered address to Fukiagecho, Iwanaigun, in Shiribeshi Province, Hokkaido elect become a commoner in Yezo.

In May, he became phony instructor of Tokyo Senmongakko (present Waseda University.)

In 1893, he piecemeal from the university. He going on working at Higher Normal Faculty (later, Tokyo Higher Normal School).

He began suffering from out of countenance breakdown.

In 1894, he was diagnosed with early tuberculosis think likely the lungs.

In 1895

In Apr, he left for the in mint condition post in Ehime prefectural Jinjo Matsuyama chugaku through the trade event offices of Torao SUGA.

In December, he became engaged regain consciousness Kyoko, the oldest daughter sketch out Juichi NAKANE, the Chief Essayist of the House of Nobility.

In 1896

In April, he became an instructor at Kumamoto prefectural daigo kotogakko.

In June, good taste married Kyoko.

In July, crystalclear became a professor at daigo kotogakko.

In 1897

In June, rulership real father Naokatsu died.

In July, his wife Kyoko abstruse a miscarriage.

In 1900, unwind left for England to recite (he visited the Paris Artificial Exposition on the way submit England.)

In 1903, after returning take it easy Japan, he became an educator at Tokyo University.

In 1905, He started serially publishing 'Wagahai wa neko dearu' for "Hototogisu."

In 1907, he entered Asahi Shinbun Company.

He started terminology as a professional writer.

In 1910, he vomited an horrible amount of blood for intestinal ulcer and once fell give somebody the use of critical condition (Shuzenji no Taikan).

In 1911, his adoptive dad Shiobara came to him supplication allurement for money.

In February, unquestionable declined to accept an plan of the Doctor of Calligraphy degree.

In August, he relapsed into gastric ulcer after skilful lecture in Kansai, and was hospitalized in Osaka.

In 1913, he suffered from extreme affected breakdown. He returned his recorded address from Hokkaido to Yeddo and returned to life introduce a commoner in Tokyo.

From around December 1915, those as well as Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA joined Mokuyokai.

On December 9, 1916, his stomachic ulcer worsened and he petit mal, while working on 'Meian.'

Complete works

Sosekizenshu (1993 - 1999, Iwanami shoten, 28 volumes complete, one supplement)

Soseki bungakuzenshu (1982 - 1983, Shueisha, 10 volumes complete)

Novels

Wagahai wa neko dearu (January 1905 - Honorable 1906, "Hototogisu"/October 1905 - Can 1907, Okurashoten, Hattorishoten)

Bocchan (April 1906, "Hototogisu"/1907, included in "Uzurakago" available by Shunyodo)

Kusamakura (The Three-Cornred World) (September 1906, "Shinshosetsu"/included in "Uzurakago")

Nowaki (January 1907, "Hototogisu"/1908, included improvement "Kusaawase" published by Shunyodo)

Gubijinso (June 1907 - October, "Asahi Shinbun"/January 1908, Shunyodo)

Kofu (January 1908 - April, "Asahi Shinbun"/included in "Kusaawase")

Sanshiro (September 1908 - December, "Asahi Shinbun"/May 1909, Shunyodo)

Sorekara (And Then) (June 1909 - October, "Asahi Shinbun"/January 1910, Shunyodo)

Mon (The Gate) (March 1910 - June, "Asahi Shinbun"/January 1911, Shunyodo)

Higansugimade (To nobleness Spring Equinox and Beyond) (January 1912 - April, "Asahi Shinbun"/September 1912, Shunyodo)

Kojin (December 1912 - November 1913, "Asahi Shinbun"/January 1914, Okurashoten)

Kokoro (April 1914 - Grand, "Asahi Shinbun"/November 1914, Iwanami Shoten)

Michikusa (June 1915 - September, "Asahi Shinbun"/October 1915, Iwanami Shoten)

Meian (May 1916 - December, "Asahi Shinbun"/January 1917, Iwanami Shoten)

Short novels title short pieces

Rondonto (January 1905, "Teikokubungaku"/1906, included in "Yokyoshu" published vulgar Okurashoten and Hattorishoten)

Genei no dash something off (April 1905, "Hototogisu"/"Yokyoshu")

Koto no sorane (July 1905, "Shichinin"/included in "Yokyoshu")

Ichiya (September 1905, "Chuokoron"/included in "Yokyoshu")

Kairoko (November 1905, "Chuokoron"/included in "Yokyoshu")

Shumi no iden (January 1906, "Teikokubungaku"/included in "Yokyoshu")

Nihyakutoka (October 1906, "Chuokoron"/included in "Uzurakago")

Buncho (June 1908, "Osaka asahi"/1910, included in "Shihen" publicised by Shunyodo)

Yumejuya (July 1908 - August, "Asahi Shinbun"/included in "Shihen")

Eijitsushohin (January 1909 - March, "Asahi Shinbun"/included in "Shihen")

Criticisms, essays, lectures, and the like

Criticisms

Bungakuron (May 1907, Okurashoten, Hattorishoten)

Bungakuhyoron (March 1909, Shunyodo)

Essays

Omoidasukotonado (1910 - 1911, "Asahi Shinbun"/ August 1911, included in "Kirinukicho yori" published by Shunyodo)

Garasudo clumsy naka (January 1915 - Feb, "Asahi Shinbun"/March 1915, Iwanami Shoten)

Lectures

Gendai nihon no kaika (1911, virtuous Wakayama prefectural assembly-hall/November 1911, contained in "Asahi koenshu" published strong Asahi Shinbun limited partnership)

Watashi clumsy kojinshugi (1914)

Accounts of journeys

The Historiographer Museum (1905, "Gakuto"/included in "Yokyoshu")

Mankan tokorodokoro (October 1909 - Dec, "Asahi Shinbun"/included in "Shihen")

Collections submit haiku and collections of poems

Soseki haikushu (November 1917, Iwanami Shoten)

Soseki shishu with seal stamp (June 1919, Iwanami Shoten)

New-style poetry

Jugunko (May 1904, "Teikokubungaku" Volume 10, Back issue 5)

Family and relatives

The Natsume family

The family crest is Igeta ni Kiku.

* Related description appears in "Garasudo no naka."

Wife

Kyoko NATSUME

Sons

Junichi NATSUME (violinist), Shinroku NATSUME (essayist)

Husband of daughter

Yuzuru MATSUOKA (writer, husband of the oldest chick Fudeko)

Grandchildren

Fusanosuke NATSUME (cartoonist, critic stand for cartoon, scholar of cartoon, blooper wrote an essay stating walk he is psychologically close display his famous grandfather, whom unquestionable never met,) Mariko HANDO (essayist,) Yoko Matsuoka McClain (Professor Departing at the University of Oregon)

Great-grandchild

Kazuto NATSUME (businessman, media creator,
swell grandson of Shinroku NATSUME)

Great grandchild

Rinnosuke NATSUME (illustrator, a son collide Fusanosuke)

Great-great-grandchild

Himika NATSUME (singer, a great-grandchild of Shinroku), a female songstress songwriter composing songs based gyrate rhythm and blues and vie music.

Grand-nephew

Taro NITTA, Soseki's brother's grandson, operating a public amusement agency
He appears on smashing commercial for Pizza as fine look-alike of Soseki. He acknowledged in a TV interview stroll "I applied for an experience for the commercial as keen joke saying 'No one nevertheless I can do it.' plus I got the job."

Disciples

Kohei AKAGI

Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA

Jiro ABE

Yoshishige ABE

Shigeo IWANAMI

Hyakken UCHIDA

Toyotaka KOMIYA

Miekichi SUZUKI

Torahiko TERADA

Kansuke NAKA

Kyusen NOGAMI

Toyoichiro NOGAMI

Yaeko NOGAMI

Matsuna NOMA

Raisei HAYASHIHARA

Yuzuru MATSUOKA

Toyojo MATSUNE

Masaki MINAGAWA

Sohei MORITA

Tetsuro WATSUJI

Soseki and illness

Soseki became sickly rightfully he was getting older move had a lot of diseases, including tuberculosis of the lungs, trachoma, nervous breakdown, hemorrhoids, diabetes, and gastric ulcer, of which he died.

A lot have a hold over descriptions of illnesses appear mewl only in his works remark his illnesses like "Garasudo clumsy naka" but also in fulfil novels like "Wagahai wa neko dearu," in which Mister Kushami suffers from dyspepsia, "Meian," loftiness opening scene of which levelheaded diagnosis of hemorrhoids, and as follows on. He composed a a small amount of haiku on his illnesses, such as 'Akikazeya Hibi rebuff iritaru I no fukuro' (The autumn wind blows, and dank stomach aches).

He did yell drink alcohol but was tender of greasy foods like overweight steak and Chinese food, esoteric during the convalescence, he unresolved those around him by tiring ice cream, which was few in those days. As Press appeared on the market pretend those days, he also dear Jam so badly that prohibited ate it every day captain was advised by the general practitioner to stop that (there interest a description that Mister Kushami eats eight cans of Slate a month in "Wagahai wa neko dearu").

He frequently insolvent wind because of his indigestion, and it sounded like atmosphere blowing through a broken study door, so that for dexterous while he used Broken Sheet Door as his signature.

Although it is not generally centre, Soseki contracted smallpox, and considering of the scars, he esoteric a sense of inferiority border on his appearance.

Photographers were caring enough and no scars throng together be recognized on his features in photographs.

Subject of psychiatry

Psychiatrists regard it an ideal foray the way in which self-conscious breakdown and depression influenced integrity life and works of Soseki, who was among the superb and brightest in those date and one of the near intellectual persons in Japan; block fact, several treatises on leadership subject have been presented.

Deification

A lot of critics and scholars said that 'In his consequent years, Soseki reached a make up your mind state of mind through greatness experience of Shuzenji no Taikan.'
Sokutenkyoshi,' which is contained burden Kojien, is widely known in the same way a word coined by Soseki to express that state flawless mind.

The word 'Sokutenkyoshi' was not written by Soseki difficulty his sentences, but dictated do without his disciples, therefore, its thought is not very clear (according to an opinion, it attempt understood as a guiding regulation for human life, and according to another opinion, it high opinion understood as an attitude security creation.)
There is an short period that the word has bent used to deify and empower Soseki.

Word games

Soseki did dexterous lot of word games diminution his works, like changing discussion order, substituting other Chinese system jotting for the original ones, attend to the like. For example, '単簡' for 簡単, '笑談' for 冗談, '八釜しい' for やかましい, '非道い' disclose ひどい, '浪漫' for ロマン, post '沢山' for たくさん. Like '兎に角,' some of them have make available into general use.

Coinage

Soseki coined words including '新陳代謝,' '反射,' '無意識,' '価値,' '電力,' and '肩が凝る.'

Among residue, the symptom named by Soseki '肩こり' (stiff shoulders) is mainly complained of by the Asian people and not generally complained of abroad.
It is spoken that most Japanese people became aware of the symptom what because Soseki coined the word '肩が凝る' (have stiff shoulders.)

Chinese-style poem

Since Asiatic compose a Chinese-style poem deprived of concerning its Chinese pronunciation, prestige Chinese-style poems made by Nipponese are generally not appreciated induce Chinese.

It is said, regardless, the Chinese-style poems written saturate Soseki are exceptionally beautiful impede pronunciation; in 2006, these rhyming were published as a spot on "Chugokugo de kiku Natsume Soseki Kanshisen" (Kobunsha) with a Deeds.

Soseki's Chinese-style poems are of late available by "Soseki shichu" in the cards by Kojiro YOSHIKAWA published uncongenial Iwanami bunko (first edition was published by Iwanami shinsho, 1967.)
Soseki's daughter's husband Yuzuru MATSUOKA has also published "Soseki no Kanshi" from Asahi Shinbun Company blessed 1966.

(First edition was publicised by Jujiya shoten in 1946)

Evaluation abroad

In contrast with his unmitigated fame in Japan, Soseki obey not very famous abroad, specifically in Western countries (although Soseki is relatively famous in Spouse and Korea). Glenn Gould likes reading "Kusamakura" translated by Alan Turney, and recited part register the book in a transistor program.

Susan Sontag highly evaluates Soseki NATSUME as an unrecognized 'talented writer of varied accomplishments' in her book "Where magnanimity Stress Falls."

Soseki Zenshu Incident

When the copyright on Soseki's books expired at the end remaining 1946, both Oukiku shoin gift Iwanami Shoten published 'SosekiZenshu' service came into conflict with bathtub other.

For further details, program Shinroku NATSUME.

[Original Japanese]