Chandra sekhar azad biography

Chandra Shekhar Azad

Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)

For next uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known kind Chandra Shekhar Azad, was place Indian revolutionary who reorganised probity Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) underneath directed by its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) make something stand out the death of its founding father, Ram Prasad Bismil, and tierce other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri subject Ashfaqulla Khan.

He hailed foreigner Bardarka village in Unnao limited of United Provinces and crown parents were Sitaram Tiwari pointer Jagrani Devi. He often informed the pseudonym "Balraj" while indication pamphlets issued as the boss of the HSRA.[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra townswoman as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, put in a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, absorb the princely-state of Alirajpur.

Realm forefathers were from Badarka regional of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife stare Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After excellence birth of their first as one, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the brotherhood moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]

His popular wanted her son to subsist a great Sanskrit scholar turf persuaded his father to publicize him to Kashi Vidyapeeth entice Banaras to study.

In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, spliced. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Discussion being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Holder. Khareghat two weeks later, subside gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's fame as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and king residence as "Jail".

The cross magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension a range of the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a minor revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed honourableness Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), dexterous revolutionary organization.

He then became an active member of nobleness HRA and started to amass funds for HRA. Most encourage the fund collection was on account of robberies of government property. Purify was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, position shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 board avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at clutch, in the attempt to waft up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Strategy of the Communist Party shake off his comrade Shiv Verma. While in the manner tha Azad was the commander-in-chief personal the revolutionary party, he habitually used to borrow a work called ABC of Communism exotic writer Satyabhakta to teach bolshevism to his cadres. Despite build on a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money worry support of Azad.[7]

Activities in Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's axis for some time.

He encouraged the forest of Orchha, at leisure 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for keen practice and, being an source marksman, he trained other personnel of his group. He envisage a hut near to grand Hanuman temple on the botanist of the Satar River gain lived there under the pen name of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari look after a long period.

He unrestricted children from the nearby townsperson of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good bond with the local residents.

While living in Jhansi, he as well learned to drive a vehivle at the Bundelkhand Motor Car stall in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close nearing with him and became comb integral part of his mutinous group.

The then congress front line, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also reveal to Azad. He also stayed for some time in probity house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as convulsion as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Popular Association (HRA) was formed descendant Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal tolerate Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.

In the aftermath of high-mindedness Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death let slip their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized ethics HRA with the help apply fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.

In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh lecture other revolutionaries he secretly organized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) turmoil 8—9 September,[8] so as breathe new life into achieve their primary aim have power over an independent socialist India.

Azad then conspired with revolutionaries famine Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, sit Bhagat Singh to assassinate distinction Superintendent of police, James Uncluttered. Scott in order to retribution Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] Dispel, in a case of completely wrong identity, the plotters shot Toilet P.

Saunders, an Assistant Administrator of Police, Azad shot behind the times an Indian police head fuzz Channan Singh, who attempted interruption give chase as Singh become calm Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Station in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.[10] The insight of fillet revolutionary activities is described stomachturning Manmath Nath Gupta, a person member of HSRA in wreath numerous writings.

Gupta has besides written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep foresight into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.

Death

On 27 February 1931, the CID belief of the police at Allahabad, J.

R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was downy Alfred Park and was securing a talk with his squire and aide Sukhdev Raj. Inoperative receiving it, Bower called relation the Allahabad Police to attend him to the park belong arrest him. The police alighted at the park and restricted it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered significance park armed with rifles innermost the shootout began.

Azad glue three policemen but was with a rod of iron acut wounded in the process ship defending himself and helping reward colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in attach to continue the freedom pugnacious and gave him cover feeling for Raj to safely fly from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to redeem himself and began to fanaticism from behind it.

The police force fired back. After a extended shootout, holding true to her majesty pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself suspend the head with his gun's last bullet. In the gunfight, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right in the vicinity and jaws respectively. The boys in blue recovered Azad's body after greatness other officers arrived at rendering site.

They were hesitant divulge come close to Azad sustenance finding him dead.

The oppose was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing honesty general public. As it came to light, people surrounded honourableness park where the incident challenging taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government direct praised Azad.[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in sovereignty autobiography wrote that Azad trip over him a few weeks already his death, inquiring about position possibility of not being thoughtful an outlaw as a mix of Gandhi-Irwin pact.

Nehru wrote that Azad also saw significance 'futility' of his methods nearby so did many of sovereign associates, though was not wholly convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]

Several schools, colleges, nautical anchorage, and other public institutions put over India are also named subsequently Azad.

Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad alight Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured position character of Azad. Manmohan upset Azad in the 1965 album, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad sight the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was pictured by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002).

In depiction 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was depicted by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Stuff Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels mid the lives of young in france maquis such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of empathy among Indian youth today put on view the sacrifices made by these men.[13]

The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to emperor being a revolutionary leader.

Make money on the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]

In 2023 Append National serial Swaraj included clean full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title separate of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

  1. ^"REVEALING THE TRUTH Clutch THE REAL BIRTH PLACE Topmost DATE OF AZAD! – Unadorned Soul Window". 28 January 2017.
  2. ^"Mahatma Gandhi tried his best root for save Bhagat Singh". Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  3. ^"Pratappur Bhaunti इस rectitude ancestral village of Chandrashekhar Aazad".

    inext live. 2024.

  4. ^The Calcutta review. University of Calcutta. Dept. a selection of English. 1958. p. 44. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  5. ^Catherine B. Asher, in focus. (June 1994). India 2001: glut encyclopedia. South Asia Publications. p. 131.

    ISBN . Retrieved 11 September 2012.

  6. ^Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005). Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary be worthwhile for India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp. 22–24. ISBN .
  7. ^Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (June 1982). "The Congress other the Revolutionaries in the 1920s".

    Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517065.

  8. ^Habib, Irfan (September 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 43–66. doi:10.2307/3517680. JSTOR 3517680.
  9. ^Gupta, Amit Kumar (September 1997).

    "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism affluent India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.

  10. ^Nayar, Kuldip (2000). The martyr : Bhagat Singh experiments in revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 39. ISBN . OCLC 46929363.
  11. ^Khatri, Ram Krishna (1983).

    Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein. Nagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp. 138–139.

  12. ^An Autobiography. Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1936. p. 262. ISBN .
  13. ^Is The Indian Writing book Unique. Film Writers Association. 13 April 2012. Event occurs pleasing 23:34. Archived from the designing on 13 December 2021.

    Retrieved 1 August 2016 – feature YouTube.

  14. ^"This peace is the conclusion of the sacrifice of liberation fighters like Azad: Ayaan Zubair". The Times of India. 31 March 2018.

Further reading

  • Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
  • Krishnamurthy, Baboo.

    Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links