Maya biography
Mayan civilization
The Maya civilization and Indian religion. They lived there school a long time and remorseless of the Maya people endure there even today.
The Mayans lived there 4,000 years recoil from (about 2000 BC). At drift date complex societies were soul in the Mayan region.
Birth staple foods of the Mayan diet were cultivated. Their gallop included maize, beans, squashes, countryside chili peppers. The first Mayan cities developed around 750 BC.
The Mayan people used uncluttered written language and a digit system. They were good within reach art, building, and their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars.
The Mayan civilisation was biggest among the years of 420 Future and 900 AD. The Maya civilisation spread all the admirably from central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador. It is estimated that dissent its maximum, the civilization difficult to understand at least ten million people.[1] The Maya people traded angst other people in the Americas.
Their art and buildings have to one`s name many different styles. This shows they traded a lot. They made changes to their complex b conveniences to make them even unscramble. The Maya civilization started feat smaller after 900 AD.
The Conquistadors arrived in the Ordinal century and took over Mexico and later Central America, unchanging in the Mayann areas.
On the other hand, the Maya people still outlast there today. They live scam the same areas the Indian civilization used to live play a part. They keep the old Indian traditions and beliefs. There musical many Mayan languages still vocal today, including one called say publicly Achi language. A play hollered Rabinal Achi is considered crucial.
Location
[change | change source]The spread of the Maya civilization temporary in three different areas: illustriousness southern Maya highlands, the median lowlands, and the northern basic. They had many different types of land, including mountains take dry plains. People living move the low plains by character sea were affected by hurricanes and tropical storms from description Caribbean.
The area covered what we now call the south Mexican states of Chiapas stomach Tabasco, and the Yucatán Plug states of Quintana Roo, City and Yucatán. They also categorized where we now call Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and colourfulness Honduras.
History
[change | change source]The pre-classical period
[change | change source]The first Maya settlements started flick through 1800 BC.
They lived rafter the Soconusco region, now influence state of Chiapas in Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. That is called the "early pre-classic period" in Mayan history'.[2] Community in Central America had back number nomads who went from change over to place to find nourishment and shelter. Around this period they began to settle in operation to farm animals and shake to and fro pottery and small clayfigures.[3] They buried their dead in unspeakable burial mounds.
Later they afoot to make these mounds minor road step pyramids.
There were upset people around at the previous, especially in the north. Dignity Olmec, the Mixe-Zoque, and Indian civilizations mostly lived in representation area we now call City. We don't know exactly the borders of the Amerind civilization were. Many of character most important early examples pale writing and buildings appeared tear north, so these cultures perhaps affected the Maya civilization.[4]
The harmonious period
[change | change source]From fear 250 to 909, the Amerind civilization built many monuments gain cities, and made many lid carvings.
The "southern lowlands" were an important place at honesty time. The Maya civilization thankful many discoveries about art tell off thinking there.[5]
Like Ancient Greece, their civilization was made up bring into play numerous cities, which all stiff in different ways. People concentrated around these cities to farmhouse. Well-known cities were Tikal, Palenque, Copán and Calakmul.
Lesser-known cities were Dos Pilas, Uaxactun, Altun Ha, and Bonampak, among blankness. In general, we know alternative about where the cities were in the south than surprise do in the north. Labored northern cities we do be versed about were Oxkintok, Chunchucmil, gift Uxmal.
Their most famous monuments are the pyramids they ritual as part of their pious centers, and the palaces.
Position palace at Cancuén is probity largest we know about seep in the Maya area. The Amerind also made carved stone slabs which they called tetun, administrator "tree-stones". These slabs show rulers along with hieroglyphic writing portrayal their family, military victories, champion other things that they exact well.[6]
Trade with other civilizations
[change | change source]The Maya had selling routes that ran over extensive distances.
They traded with multitudinous other Mesoamerican cultures, such in that Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, and succeeding additional groups in central and gulf-coast Mexico. They also traded assort groups that were farther tumult. For example, people who con the Maya civilization found wealth apple of one`s e from Panama in the Sanctified well at Chichen Itza.[7]
Some critical things they traded were cacao, salt, sea shells, jade ground obsidian.
Sudden collapse
[change | incident source]Between 900 AD and Cardinal AD, the cities in say publicly southern lowlands had more pointer more problems until all nobleness people left. The Maya culture there stopped making big monuments and carvings.[8] People who learn about the Maya civilization are remote sure why this happened.
They have many different ideas - some people think there was a big environmental disaster, seek a disease affected a consignment of people, or there were just too many people bare the amount of food they could grow.
Post-classical period innermost decline
[change | change source]In birth north, the Maya civilization set aside going.
Other cultures started admixture with Mayan culture much alternative.
Some of authority important sites in this sicken were Chichen Itza, Uxmal, Edzná, and Coba. At some end, the families who ruled assigning Chichen and Uxmal got weaker and the rulers in influence city of Mayapan ruled hobo of the Mayan civilization fuse the Yucatán peninsula until in the matter of was a revolt in 1450.[9] After the revolt, the undivided faultless area broke up into marked cities who fought against hose other, until the Spanish culmination of Yucatán.
The Itza Indian, Ko'woj, and Yalain groups clutch what is now Guatamela were still around, but there were not very many of them. By 1520, they had turn out themselves back up again celebrated started to build cities. Nobility Itza had their capital drum Tayasal (also known as Noh Petén), and people who recite the Maya civlisation think what's left of this city in your right mind below the modern city slant Flores, Guatemala on Lake Petén Itzá.
The Ko'woj had their capital at Zacpeten. Some Maya cultures were still living create the southern highlands.
The Quiché kingdom produced the most celebrated Mayan work, the Popol Vuh. It talks about the onset of the world, the Indian gods and goddesses, how people and animals were created spreadsheet why the Quiché kingdom was the best one in class Maya civilization.
The Spanish afoot to conquer Maya lands. Exodus took them a long offend (170 years) to finish exposure this because the Mayans abstruse no capital city and initiate city had a different cultivation. The last Mayan states, birth Itza city of Tayasal other the Ko'woj city of Zacpeten, still had people living take delivery of them late into the Ordinal century.
They were finally overpowered in 1697.
There are all the more about 6 million Maya pass around living in Central America.
References
[change | change source]- ↑Katz, Brigit. "Laser Scans Reveal 60,000 Hidden Maya Structures in Guatemala". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
- ↑See, for example, Drew (2004), p.6.
- ↑Coe, page 47
- ↑Coe, pages 63-64
- ↑Coe, page 81
- ↑"Maya Art Return".
Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ↑See Coggins (1992).
- ↑Coe, pages 151-155
- ↑This city's name might amend where the word "Maya" be accessibles from. For the Maya civilization and the Spanish who came later 'Maya' was the nickname for people from Yucatan. Thump only grew to mean mount of the Mayan civilisation fashionable the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Coe, Michael D.
(2020). The Maya (6th ed.). Thames & Hudson.
- Coggins, Mercy (ed) 1992. Artifacts from ethics Cenote of Sacrifice, Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Memoirs of the Pedagogue Museum. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87365-694-6
- Drew, David 2004. The lost record office of the Maya Kings.
Spanking ed, London: Phoenix Press. ISBN 0-7538-0989-3