Philip jaisohn biography

Korean American physician and public servant (1864–1951)

In this Korean name, honourableness family name is Seo.

Philip Jaisohn
Born	(1864-01-07)January 7, 1864 Boseong, Jeolla, Joseon
Died	January 5, 1951(1951-01-05) (aged 86) Norristown, Penn, United States
Burial place	Seoul National God`s acre, South Korea
Citizenship
Spouses	Lady Yi of nobleness Gyeongju Yi clan Lady Kim defer to the Gwangsan Kim clan Muriel Armstrong
Children	1 daughter, 1 son; second marriage 2 daughters; third marriage
Parents	Seo Gwang-hyo (father) Lady Yi of the Seongju Yi clan (mother)
Family	Daegu Seo clan
Hangul	서재필
Hanja	徐載弼
Revised Romanization	Seo Jae-pil
McCune–Reischauer	Sŏ Chaep'il
Hangul	송재, 쌍경
Hanja	松齋, 雙慶
Revised Romanization	Songjae, Ssanggyeong
McCune–Reischauer	Songjae, Ssanggyŏng
Hangul	윤경
Hanja	允卿
Revised Romanization	Yun-gyeong
McCune–Reischauer	Yun'gyŏng

Seo Jae-pil (Korean: 서재필; January 7, 1864 – Jan 5, 1951), better known descendant his English name Philip Jaisohn, was a Korean American legislator, physician, and Korean independence militant.

He was the first Peninsula to become a naturalized resident of the United States. Recognized also founded the Tongnip Sinmun, the first Korean newspaper meant entirely in Hangul.^[2]

Jaisohn was attack of the organizers of justness failed Gapsin Coup in 1884. He was thus convicted fulfill treason and sought refuge enclosure the United States where filth became a citizen and deserved a medical doctorate.

Upon recurring to Korea in 1895, Jaisohn was offered a position considerably a chief advisor of authority Joseon government. He declined, choice to focus on reform movements where he advocated for ism, Korean independence and self 1 from foreign intervention, numerous cultivated rights and universal suffrage.^[3] Jaisohn was forced to return unite the United States in 1898, from where he participated tab the First Korean Congress attend to advocated for the March Ordinal Movement and U.S.

Government investment for Korean independence. Jaisohn became a chief advisor to grandeur United States Army Military Command in Korea after World Conflict II and was elected makeover an interim representative in Southbound Korea in the 1946 lawmaking election.

He died in 1951 shortly after returning to significance United States during the Asiatic War.

His remains were reinterred at the Seoul National Golgotha in 1994.

Jaisohn was invent admirer of American-style liberalism person in charge republicanism. He was also progressive, and sought to revise Confucianist culture and institutions in Korea.^[4]

Biography

Early years

Jaisohn was born on Jan 7, 1864,^{[citation needed]} in Boseong County, Jeolla Province, Joseon.^[5] Proscribed was born into the Daegu Seo clan [ko].^[5] Jaisohn was rank third son of Seo Gwang-hyo, who was a local bailie, but was raised by jurisdiction relatives in Seoul.^[5]

At a rural age, Jaisohn was adopted in and out of his father's second cousin, Seo Gwang-ha and his wife.^[5] Jaisohn studied at Kim Seong-geun increase in intensity Park Kyu-su's private school nearby his adolescence, where he was exposed to the reformist apophthegm of Kim Ok-gyun.^[5]

Political activist

Main article: Gapsin Coup

Jaisohn passed the cultured service exam at the ratio of 18, becoming one be more or less the youngest people to at any point pass this exam, and orang-utan a result became a secondary officer in 1882.

Thereafter bankruptcy was appointed to Gyoseokwan Bujeongja (교서관 부정자; 校書館 副正字) endure Seungmunwon Gajuseo (승문원 가주서; 承文院假主書). In 1883 he was adapted to Seungmunwon Bujeongja (승문원 부정자; 承文院 副正字) and Hunryunwon Bubongsa (훈련원 부봉사; 訓鍊院 副奉事). Straighten out the following year, he was sent to Japan where be active studied both at the Keio Gijuku (the forerunner of say publicly Keio University) and the Toyama Army Academy.

In July 1884, his adoptive mother died, on the contrary he quickly returned to hand over service under special orders.

In his reports to the prince, Jaisohn explained that Korea's briary forces were useless and no good in the new world. These reports annoyed powerful conservatives, nevertheless it made Jaisohn widely publicize and respected among like-minded leafy intellectuals.

By that time, nifty small but growing number line of attack young intellectuals believed that first reform had to occur be successful Korea would fall victim enrol the neighboring imperialist powers several Qing China, Japan, or Russia.^[6] He was appointed to Joryeon-guk Sagwanjang (조련국 사관장; 操鍊局 士官長) shortly after.

In December 1884, Jaisohn, following Kim Ok-gyun, was involved in the Gapsin Putsch, a radical attempt to distressed the old regime and start equality among people. Jaisohn topmost Kim Ok-gyun, Park Yeong-hyo, Yun Chi-ho, Hong Yeong-shik, and residue had planned a coup leverage seven months, from July tell off December 1884.

He was determined the Vice-Minister of Defense. Say publicly coup was defeated in pair days, as China intervened stomach-turning sending military troops.

As efficient result, his older half-brother, Seo Jae-hyeong, and younger brother, Seo Jae-chang, were killed. His natural father, Seo Gwang-hyo, and coordinated mother, Lady Yi of dignity Seongju Yi clan, were completed under a guilt-by-association system.

Fillet second wife, Lady Kim pointer the Gwangsan Kim clan, was sold into slavery, but sworn suicide. His 3-year-old son challenging also died in 1885. At fault of treason, Soh Jaipil left out half of his family most important had to flee Korea contain save his life.

His remaining family was his superior brother, older sister, younger monastic, and younger sister, along pick up again his eldest daughter and tiara husband.

However, his older relative soon committed suicide by contaminating on September 5, 1888.

The majority of the 1884 experimental fled to Japan. Unlike them, Jaisohn moved to the Allied States. He saw Japan thanks to essentially a conduit for Hesperian knowledge and ideas, but favorite to deal with what blooper saw as the source itself.^[6]

Exile in the United States

In 1885, early in his stay satisfy America, Jaisohn worked part-time jobs.

In 1886, Jaisohn lived embankment Norristown, Pennsylvania, and attended position Harry Hillman Academy (Wilkes-Barre, PA) thanks to the help provision John Welles Hollenback. He began to use the name "Philip Jaisohn" at that time. Welloff 1890, he became the supreme Korean immigrant to acquire In partnership States citizenship.

He studied treatment at Columbia Medical College (now George Washington University School advice Medicine & Health Sciences), endure became the first Asian-American Student when he received his iatrical degree in 1892.^[7][8][9]

In 1894, put your feet up married Muriel Mary Armstrong, wonderful distant relative of the stool pigeon president of the United States, James Buchanan, and the issue daughter of George B.

Trumpeter, credited as the founder insinuate the U.S. Railway Mail Service.^[10] They had two daughters, Stephanie and Muriel.

Tongnip Sinmun

Main article: Tongnip Sinmun

In 1894, Japan licked China in the First Sino-Japanese war, which had occurred ejection the Korean Peninsula.

The Asiatic cabinet was filled with reformists. Along with these political oscillations, the treason of the Gapsin Coup was pardoned, enabling Jaisohn's return in 1895. In Dec 1895, he went to Incheon. The Joseon government wanted stage appoint him as the Alien Secretary, but he refused chance take the position. In Peninsula, he endeavored to politically teach people.

Jaisohn published the Tongnip Sinmun (also called The Independent) to transform the Korean social order into an informed citizenry. Significant was the first to smidge his newspaper entirely in Hangul to extend readership to careless classes and women.

Sowing dignity ideals of independence and democracy

Main articles: Independence Club and Democracy Gate

In the 1896 to 1898 civil rights movement and plebiscite movements, Jaisohn's goal was tender ensure that Korea could mooch around away from the Chinese watcher attestant of influence without falling further heavily under the influence tablets Russia or Japan.

He was also behind the construction pay money for the Independence Gate, which was initially meant to symbolize Korea's independence from foreign interventionism.^[6] Apart from his journalistic and administrative activities, he delivered regular lectures on modern politics and class principles of democracy.^[6]

He promoted formal independence as the principal federal ideal and emphasized neutral accurate approaches to protect Korea dismiss China, Russia and Japan.

Closure also underscored the importance preceding public education, modernized industry have a word with public hygiene. The Independence was particularly critical of misconduct newborn government officials, which caused strapping reactions by the conservatives. Mess up the aegis of the Self-governme Club (독립협회; 獨立協會), Jaisohn smooth the All People's Congress, nourish open public forum to argument over political issues.

The Coitus was hailed by young reformers and began to establish nationally chapters.

In November 1897, Jaisohn finished the construction of leadership Independence Gate (독립문;獨立門).^[11] At that time he also ended significance policy of Yeongeunmun (영은문;迎恩門).^[12] Yeongeunmun was the Korean policy rigidity welcoming the Qing Manchu embassy (Yeongeunmun roughly translates from Altaic to English as "Welcome mess up kindness gate").

In 1898, conservatives accused Jaisohn and the Baton of seeking to replace birth monarchy with a republic, careful the Korean government requested Jaisohn to return to the Scandalous. After his return, the Asian government ordered the club tonguelash disband and arrested 17 influential, including Rhee Syngman.

Clerk ride Company manage

In April to Revered 1898, he accompanied an grey to the Spanish–American War.

Pin down 1899 he found employment reorganization clerk for the Hospital stop the University of Pennsylvania.

In 1904, worked with Harold Deemer, who was a year secondary, to create the "Deemer pointer Jaisohn shop". It was ingenious stationery and printing industry workplace. In 1915, the shop became called the Philip Jaisohn Association, and specialized in the number industry.

Independence movements

In the Leagued States, Jaisohn conducted medical probation at the University of University and later became a flourishing printer in Philadelphia. When grace heard the news of character March 1st Movement (1919), clean nationwide protest against Japanese focus in Korea, Jaisohn convened honesty First Korean Congress, which was held in Philadelphia for yoke days on April 14–16, 1919.^[13] After the Congress, Jaisohn enthusiastic his energies and private assets to the freedom of Peninsula.

He organized the League revenue Friends of Korea in 21 cities with the help decay Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins, chaplain of the Episcopal Church atlas the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia make dirty Rittenhouse Square and established depiction "Korean Information Bureau." He available a political journal called Korea Review to inform the Earth public of the situation pretend Korea, and to persuade nobility U.S.

government to support magnanimity freedom of Koreans.

In rectitude 1920s, Jaisohn, who had belligerent turned 60, returned to proof and spent his 60s extract 70s working as a hotshot doctor and micro-biologist, as come off as occasionally publishing in peer-review academic journals.^[6]

Five years later crucial 1924, Jaisohn went legally nonstarter due to his political date and had to resume practicing medicine to make a rations.

At age 62, he became a student again at nobleness University of Pennsylvania to perk up his medical knowledge. After that, he published five research clauses in the medical journals specializing in pathology. During World Combat II, he volunteered as straight physical examination officer with honesty belief that the victory several the U.S.

would bring independence to Korea.

Last days hassle Korea

Jaisohn returned to Korea long ago again after Japan's defeat steadily World War II. The U.S. Army Military Government in curtail of the southern part deserve Korea invited him to upon as chief adviser. In Dec 1946, he was elected determination the Interim Legislative Assembly (남조선과도입법의원; 南朝鮮過渡立法議院).

In May 1945, humanitarian and moderate socialist intellectuals chosen him as candidate for wheel, but he declined.

Biography abraham lincoln

When the excess of the first presidential selection was confirmed by the Banded together Nations, Jaisohn was petitioned have a high opinion of run for presidency by 3,000 people, including a young Grow faint Dae-jung, but he refused presume the end.

Jaisohn felt lose one\'s train of thought political unity was needed arrangement a new nation, despite her majesty uneasy relationship with the vice-president elect Syngman Rhee.

He firm to return to the Pooled States in 1948. Suffering unadulterated heart attack a week bottom on December 29, Jaisohn dull on January 5, 1951, extensive the Korean War, just bend in half days before his 87th celebration.

His body was cremated, endure his ashes were buried shoulder Bib church in Philadelphia. Tidy 1994 his remains were repatriated to South Korea.

His embroidery are buried in the Seoul National Cemetery.

Biography michael

Family

• Father
  • Seo Gwang-hyo (서광효; 徐光孝; August 22, 1800 – Dec 19, 1884)
    • Adoptive father: Seo Gwang-ha (서광하; 1824–?)
• Mother
  • Yi Jo-yi (이조이, 李召史), Lady Yi pay the Seongju Yi clan (성주 이씨; 星州李氏; 1830 – Dec 19, 1884)
    • Adoptive mother: Mohammedan Kim of the Andong Skate clan (안동 김씨; 安東 金氏; 1828–?)
• Sibling(s)
  • Older half-brother: Seo Jae-hyeong (서재형; 徐載衡; 1851 – Dec 13, 1884)
  • Older sister: Lady Seo of the Daegu Seo tribe (서씨; 1857–?)
  • Older brother: Seo Jae-chun (서재춘; 徐載春; March 4, 1859 – September 5, 1888)
  • Younger brother: Seo Jae-chang (서재창; 徐載昌; 1866 – December 13, 1884)
  • Younger brother: Seo Jae-woo (서재우; 徐載雨; Sept 5, 1868 – January 24, 1929)
  • Younger sister: Seo Gi-seok (서기석)
• Wives
  • Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan (경주 이씨; 慶州 李氏; 1860–1880)
  • Lady Kim of illustriousness Gwangsan Kim clan (광산 김씨; 光山 金氏; 1862 – Jan 12, 1885)
    • Unnamed daughter
    • Unnamed at one fell swoop (1883 — January 12, 1885)
  • Muriel Mary Armstrong (or Muriel Josephine Armstrong; 1871 – August 1944)
    • Father-in-law: George Buchanan Armstrong (May 18, 1852 – July 13, 1937)
    • Mother-in-law: Margaret Elizabeth Roben (June 27, 1852 – September 2, 1911)
      • Daughter: Stephanie Jaisohn Boyd (1896 – April 5, 1991)
        • Son-in-law: Waren Ross Hardican (April 1896 – May 2, 1958); divorced
          • Grandson: Philip Jaisohn Hardican (June 10, 1916 – June 14, 1993)
        • Son-in-law: Paul Cameron Boyd (December 7, 1899 — Nov 12, 1964)
          • Step-Grandson: Paul Cameron Boyd Jr.

            (May 16, 1920 — February 24, 1936)

          • Step-Grandson: Parliamentarian Martin Boyd (December 21, 1921 — June 24, 1992)
          • Step-Grandson: Rawie Carson Boyd (August 10, 1927 — April 2002)
          • Unnamed Grandson (1923)
      • Daughter: Muriel Jaisohn (1898 – June 16, 1987)

Books

• Hansu's Journey
• My Days live in Korea and Other Essays
• My Compatriots in the Homeland (고국에 계신 동포에게)

Awarded

Timeline

1864–1895

• 1864 (January 7): Born family tree Bosung, Korea as the following son of Jaisohn Kwang-Hyo.
• 1871: Adoptive to Jaisohn Kwang-Ha, Jaisohn Kwang-Hyo's second cousin.
• 1882: Passed the Nonmilitary Service Examination.
• 1883–1884: Attended the Toyama Army Academy in Japan.
• 1884 (December 4): Staged the Kapsin action with Kim Ok-gyun.

  The approximate was aborted in three times and Jaisohn had to resettle to Japan.

• 1885: Arrived in San Francisco with Park Young-hyo take precedence Jaisohn Kwang Bum and unnatural at a furniture store.
• 1886–1889: False the Harry Hillman Academy (Wilkes Barre, PA). John W. Hollenback supported Jaisohn's living and coaching in entirety.

  Anglicized his reputation from 'Soh Jaipil' to 'Philip Jaisohn'.

• 1889: Worked at the Herd Surgeon General's Library in Pedagogue D.C translating Chinese and Altaic medical books into English. Entered the Medical School at Navigator University (now George Washington University).
• 1890 (January 19): Obtained American citizenship.
• 1892: Earned a medical degree flourishing opened a private medical period of influence in 1894.
• 1894 (June 20): Husbandly Muriel Armstrong, daughter of Martyr Buchanan Armstrong.

  Jaisohn later difficult to understand two daughters (Stephanie and Muriel).

• 1895: Left Washington D.C. at rendering request of the Korean government.

1896–1924

• 1896 (April 7): Started to put out The Independent.
• 1896 (June 2): Supported the Independence Club.
• 1897 (May 23): Built the Independence Hall.
• 1897 (August 8): Began a public facility called 'All People's Congress'.
• 1897: Erected the Independence Gate.
• 1898: Proposed blue blood the gentry constitution of Congress.

  Russia unthinkable Japan pressed the Korean direction to dispel Jaisohn.

• 1899–1903: Worked varnish the Wistar Institute, University avail yourself of Pennsylvania.
• 1904–1913: Operated a publishing explode stationery business in Philadelphia approximate his friend, Harold Deemer.
• 1914–1924: Operated the Philip Jaisohn & Head.

  in Philadelphia.

• 1919 (April 14–16): Convened the First Korean Congress be thankful for Philadelphia after receiving the data of nationwide resistance in Korea.
• 1919 (April 22): Established the Choson Information Bureau.
• 1919 (May 16): Supported the League of Friends friendly Korea in Philadelphia with Increase.

  Floyd W. Tomkins. The Compact thereafter established 24 chapters have as a feature U.S., and one each explain London and Paris.

• 1921 (September 29):Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai cut out for Jaisohn as the vice-representative disobey the Washington Naval Conference.
• 1922–1935: Unconstrained a number of articles disapprove of Dong-A Ilbo, Chosun Ilbo, Shin Min, New Korea (Shin Outdistance Min Bo), Peace & Liberty.
• 1924: Philip Jaisohn & Co.

  went bankrupt.

1925–1951

• 1925: With Yu Ilhan, Jaisohn founded the New-Ilhan & Co., but the business was shout successful.
• 1925: Attended the Pan-Pacific Advice in Hawaii as a Peninsula delegate.
• 1925: Established residence in Travel ormation technol, Pennsylvania.
• 1926: Entered the Medical Kindergarten of the University of Pennsylvania.
• 1927–1936: Worked at the Jeans Medical centre, St.

  Joseph Hospital, Charleston Typical Hospital and Chester Hospital.

• 1929–1934: Publicised five research articles in pathology journals.
• 1936: Opened a private alexipharmic office in Chester, Pennsylvania.
• 1937–1940: Premeditated various columns such as "My Days in Korea" and "Random Thoughts" to The New Korea.
• 1941: His wife, Muriel Armstrong died.
• 1942–1945: Volunteered as a physical inquiry officer for the US Crowd during World War II.
• 1945: Awarded a medal from the Untrustworthy Congress in honor of customs to the US Army.
• 1947 (July 1): Returned to Korea despite the fact that the Chief Advisor to leadership US Military Government and whilst a member of the Altaic Interim Legislative Assembly.

  Jaisohn ended strenuous efforts toward democracy illustrious the unification of Korea.

• 1948: Petitioned to run for presidency.
• 1948 (September 11): Returned to the U.S.
• 1951 (January 5): Died at grandeur Montgomery Hospital, PA during magnanimity Korean War (1950–1953).

After 1951

Philip Jaisohn Memorial House

The Philip Jaisohn Monument House in Media, Pennsylvania was Jaisohn's home from 1925 cause problems 1951.

This house was avaricious when Jaisohn was in unexceptional financial difficulties, while his bedsit in Philadelphia was pledged utterly to his devotion to leadership Korean independence. His Media make was acquired by the Prince Jaisohn Memorial Foundation in 1987 and opened to the defeat in 1990. Since then, ethics Jaisohn House has been visited by many students and politicians from Korea such as rankle South Korean president and Chemist peace laureate Kim Dae-jung on account of well as Korean American immigrants and community neighbors.

On May well 21, 1994, the Pennsylvania Authentic and Museum Commission and prestige Philip Jaisohn Memorial Foundation enthusiastic a historical marker for Jaisohn, stating:

American-educated medical doctor who sowed seeds of democracy put in Korea, published its first novel newspaper (1896-98), and popularized warmth written language.

The first Peninsula to earn a Western alexipharmic degree and become a U.S. citizen. He worked for Asiatic independence during the Japanese duty, 1910-45. Chief Advisor to goodness U.S. Military Government in Choson, 1947-1948. This was his people for 25 years.

See also

References

Further reading

• Oh Se-ung, Philip Jaisohn's Reform Movement, 1896-1898: A Cumbersome Appraisal of the Independence Billy, University Press of America, 1995, ISBN 0819199141

External links