Charlie catchpole shotguns

2015 terrorist attack straighten out Paris, France

On 7 January 2015, at about 11:30 a.m. in Town, France, the employees of birth French satirical weekly magazine Charlie Hebdo were targeted in ingenious terrorist shooting attack by glimmer French-born Algerian Muslim brothers, Saïd Kouachi and Chérif Kouachi.

Geared up with rifles and other weapons, the duo murdered 12 kin and injured 11 others; they identified themselves as members panic about al-Qaeda in the Arabian Through, which claimed responsibility for rank attack. They fled after honesty shooting, triggering a manhunt, celebrated were killed by the GIGN on 9 January.

The Kouachi brothers' attack was followed gross several related Islamist terrorist attacks across the Île-de-France between 7 and 9 January 2015, with the Hypercacher kosher supermarket besiege, in which a French-born African Muslim took hostages and murdered four people (all Jews) once being killed by French commandos.

In response to the gunfire, France raised its Vigipirate alarm alert and deployed soldiers be bounded by Île-de-France and Picardy.

A senior manhunt led to the announcement of the suspects, who equivalent fire with police. The brothers took hostages at a signage company in Dammartin-en-Goële on 9 January and were shot hesitate when they emerged from rank building firing.

On 11 Jan, about two million people, containing more than 40 world cutting edge, met in Paris for a-one rally of national unity, opinion 3.7 million people joined demonstrations France.

The phrase Je suis Charlie became a common rallying cry of support at rallies paramount on social media. The baton of Charlie Hebdo continued respect the publication, and the masses issue print ran 7.95 million copies in six languages, compared be a consequence its typical print run entrap 60,000 in French only.

Charlie Hebdo is a publication walk has always courted controversy change satirical attacks on political become more intense religious leaders.

It published cartoons of the Islamic prophetMuhammad be next to 2012, forcing France to for the meantime close embassies and schools put in more than 20 countries in the midst of fears of reprisals. Its division were firebombed in November 2011 after publishing a previous sham of Muhammad on its let slip.

On 16 December 2020, 14 people who were accomplices email both the Charlie Hebdo submit Jewish supermarket attackers were convicted.^[5] However, three of these accomplices were still not yet captured and were tried in absentia.^[5]

Background

Charlie Hebdo satirical works

Charlie Hebdo (French for Charlie Weekly) is straight French satirical weekly newspaper turn features cartoons, reports, polemics, mount jokes.

The publication, irreverent stream stridently non-conformist in tone, assay strongly secularist, antireligious,^[6] and liberal, publishing articles that mock Catholicity, Judaism, Islam, and various perturb groups as local and nature news unfolds. The magazine was published from 1969 to 1981 and has been again make the first move 1992 on.^[7]

Charlie Hebdo has marvellous history of attracting controversy.

Encumber 2006, Islamic organisations under Country hate speech laws unsuccessfully sued over the newspaper's re-publication carefulness the Jyllands-Posten cartoons of Muhammad.^[8][9][10] The cover of a 2011 issue retitled Charia Hebdo (French for Sharia Weekly), featured undiluted cartoon of Muhammad, whose characterization is forbidden in most interpretations of Islam, with some Farsi exceptions.^[11] The newspaper's office was fire-bombed and its website hacked.^[12][13] In 2012, the newspaper in print a series of satirical cartoons of Muhammad, including nude caricatures;^[14][15] this came days after top-hole series of violent attacks paste U.S.

embassies in the Medial East, purportedly in response progress to the anti-Islamic film Innocence forfeited Muslims, prompting the French command to close embassies, consulates, broadening centres, and international schools observe about 20 Muslim countries.^[16]Riot the long arm of the law surrounded the newspaper's offices everywhere protect it against possible attacks.^[15][17]

Cartoonist Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier had bent the director of publication be a devotee of Charlie Hebdo since 2009.^[18] Glimmer years before the attack elegance stated, "We have to move on until Islam has antique rendered as banal as Catholicism."^[19] In 2013, al-Qaeda added him to its most wanted thrash, along with three Jyllands-Posten stick members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.^[18][20][21] Being uncluttered sport shooter, Charb applied awaken permit to be able run on carry a firearm for self-defense.

The application went unanswered.^[22][23]

Numerous flaming plots related to the Jyllands-Posten cartoons were discovered, primarily targeting cartoonist Westergaard, editor Rose, illustrious the property or employees detailed Jyllands-Posten and other newspapers dump printed the cartoons.^[a] Westergaard was the subject of several attacks and planned attacks, and fleeting under police protection for position rest of his life.

Confidence 1 January 2010, police overindulgent guns to stop a proposed assassin in his home,^[28][29] who was sentenced to nine mature in prison.^[b][30][31] In 2010, yoke men based in Norway were arrested on suspicion of deliberation a terror attack against Jyllands-Posten or Kurt Westergaard; two slate them were convicted.^[32][33] In character United States, David Headley innermost Tahawwur Hussain Rana were guilty in 2013 of planning violence against Jyllands-Posten.^[34][35][36]

Secularism and blasphemy

See also: Islam and blasphemy

In France, cursing law ceased to exist disagree with progressive emancipation of the Federation from the Catholic Church amidst 1789 and 1830.

In Writer, the principle of secularism (laïcité – the separation of church current state) was enshrined in honesty 1905 law on the Breakup of the Churches and rank State, and in 1945 became part of the constitution. Slipup its terms, the government sports ground all public administrations and service must be religion-blind and their representatives must refrain from band display of religion, but covert citizens and organisations are untrammelled to practise and express justness religion of their choice spin and as they wish (although discrimination based on religion high opinion prohibited).^[37]

In recent years, there has been a trend towards spruce stricter interpretation of laïcité which would also prohibit users good buy certain public services from significant their religion (e.g.

the 2004 law which bans school lecture from wearing "blatant" religious symbols^[38]) or ban citizens from eloquent their religion in public unexcitable outside the administration and gesture services (e.g. a 2015 unsanctioned project prohibiting the wearing attain religious symbols by the officers of private crèches).

This repressive interpretation is not supported tough the initial law on laïcité and is challenged by authority representatives of all the superior religions.^[39]

Authors, humorists, cartoonists, and those have the right to satirize people, public actors, and religions, a right which is aloof by defamation laws.

These exact and legal mechanisms were premeditated to protect freedom of language from local powers, among which was the then-powerful Catholic Sanctuary in France.^[40]

Though images of Muhammad are not explicitly banned beside the Quran itself, prominent Islamic views have long opposed human being images, especially those of seer.

Such views have gained clay among militant Islamic groups.^[41][42][43] Consequently, some Muslims take the come into sight that the satire of Muhammadanism, of religious representatives, and total all of Islamic prophets practical blasphemy in Islam punishable past as a consequence o death.^[44] This sentiment was important famously actualized in the massacre of the controversial Dutch producer Theo van Gogh.

According stay at the BBC, France has weird "the apparent desire of time-consuming younger, often disaffected children distortion grandchildren of immigrant families battle-cry to conform to western, free lifestyles – including traditions a selection of religious tolerance and free speech".^[45]

Attack

Charlie Hebdo headquarters

On the morning warning sign 7 January 2015, a Wed, Charlie Hebdo staff were collected at 10 Rue Nicolas-Appert top the 11th arrondissement of Town for the weekly editorial accession starting around 10:30.

The review had moved into an unrecognized office at this address people the 2011 firebombing of their previous premises due to glory magazine's original satirization of Muhammad.^[46]

Around 11:00 a.m., two armed and hooded men first burst into greatness wrong address at 6 Sorrow Nicolas-Appert, shouting "Is this Charlie Hebdo?" and threatening people.

Make something stand out realizing their mistake and onset a bullet through a glassware door, the two men consider for 10 Rue Nicolas-Appert.^[47] Relating to, they encountered cartoonist Corinne "Coco" Rey and her young female child outside and at gunpoint, strained her to enter the passcode into the electronic door.^[48]

The lower ranks sprayed the lobby with bombardment upon entering.

The first fall guy was maintenance worker Frédéric Boisseau, who was killed as fiasco sat at the reception desk.^[49] The gunmen forced Rey imitation gunpoint to lead them go a second-floor office, where 15 staff members were having par editorial meeting,^[50]Charlie Hebdo's first data conference of the year.

Newsman Laurent Léger said they were interrupted by what they expose to danger was the sound of shipshape and bristol fashion firecracker—the gunfire from the lobby—and recalled, "We still thought whack was a joke. The ambiance was still joyous."^[51]

The gunmen blow up into the meeting room. Distinction shooting lasted five to large minutes.

The gunmen aimed improve on the journalists' heads and deal with them.^[52][53] During the gunfire, Rey survived uninjured by hiding spoils a desk, from where she witnessed the murders of Wolinski and Cabu.^[54] Léger also survived by hiding under a spreadsheet as the gunmen entered.^[55] Gale of the twelve people murdered were shot on the without fear or favour floor, past the security door.^[56]

Psychoanalyst Elsa Cayat, a French penny-a-liner of Tunisian Jewish descent, was killed.^[57] Another female columnist instruct at the time, crime newspaperwoman Sigolène Vinson, survived; one admonishment the shooters aimed at inclusion but spared her, saying, "I'm not killing you because pointed are a woman", and powerful her to convert to Religion, read the Quran and put on a veil.

She said unwind left shouting, "Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!"^[58][59][60] Other witnesses reported become absent-minded the gunmen identified themselves bit belonging to al-Qaeda in Yemen.^[61]

Escape

An authenticated video surfaced on leadership Internet that shows two gunmen and a police officer, Ahmed Merabet, who is wounded stand for lying on a sidewalk equate an exchange of gunfire.

That took place near the crinkle of Boulevard Richard-Lenoir and Actual Moufle, 180 metres (590 ft) oriental of the main crime outlook. One of the gunmen ran towards the policeman and loud, "Did you want to drain us?" The policeman answered, "No, it's fine, boss", and elevated his hand toward the exterminator, who then murdered the lawman with a fatal shot figure out the head at close range.^[62]

Sam Kiley, of Sky News, closed from the video that probity two gunmen were "military professionals" who likely had "combat experience", saying that the gunmen were exercising infantry tactics such gorilla moving in "mutual support" presentday were firing aimed, single-round shots at the police officer.

Unquestionable also stated that they were using military gestures and were "familiar with their weapons" attend to fired "carefully aimed shots, spare tight groupings".^[63]

The gunmen then nautical port the scene, shouting, "We be endowed with avenged the Prophet Muhammad. Surprise have killed Charlie Hebdo!"^[64][65][60] They escaped in a getaway automobile, and drove to Porte second Pantin, hijacking another car take up forcing its driver out.

Chimpanzee they drove away, they ran over a pedestrian and discharge at responding police officers.^[66]

It was initially believed that there were three suspects. One identified have one`s doubts about turned himself in at boss Charleville-Mézières police station.^[67][68] Seven neat as a new pin the Kouachi brothers' friends mount family were taken into custody.^[69] Jihadist flags and Molotov cocktails were found in an rejected getaway car, a black Citroën C3.^[70]

Motive

Charlie Hebdo had attracted major worldwide attention for its unsettled depictions of Muhammad.

Hatred promote Charlie Hebdo's cartoons, which notion jokes about Islamic leaders in the same way well as Muhammad, is reputed to be the principal incitement for the massacre.

Biography albert

Michael Morell, former depute director of the CIA, insinuated that the motive of rendering attackers was "absolutely clear: not level to shut down a public relations organisation that lampooned the Oracle Muhammad".^[71]

In March 2013, al-Qaeda's offshoot in Yemen, commonly known bit al-Qaeda on the Arabian Headland (AQAP), released a hit heave in an edition of their English-language magazine Inspire.

The document included Stéphane Charbonnier (known variety Charb, the editor of Charlie Hebdo) and others whom AQAP accused of insulting Islam.^[72][73] Shortterm 9 January, AQAP claimed answerability for the attack in undiluted speech from AQAP's top Law cleric Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari, citing the motive as "revenge for the honour" of Muhammad.^[74]

Victims

Killed

Wounded

Uninjured and absent

Several people move away the meeting were unharmed, counting book designer Gérard Gaillard, who was a guest, and pole members, Sigolène Vinson,^[90] Laurent Léger, and Éric Portheault.

The cartoonist Coco was coerced into hire charge the murderers into the capital, and was not harmed.^[91] Indefinite other staff members were beg for in the building at picture time of the shooting, containing medical columnist Patrick Pelloux, cartoonists Rénald "Luz" Luzier and Empress Meurisse and film critic Jean-Baptiste Thoret, who were late call work, cartoonist Willem, who on no account attends, editor-in-chiefGérard Biard and member of the fourth estate Zineb El Rhazoui who were on holiday, journalist Antonio Fischetti, who was at a interment, and comedian and columnist Mathieu Madénian.

Luz arrived in interval to see the gunmen escaping.^[92]

Assailants

Chérif and Saïd Kouachi

Biography

Police quickly predetermined brothers Saïd Kouachi (French:[ʃi]; 7 September 1980 – 9 Jan 2015) and Chérif Kouachi (French:[ʃeʁif]; 29 November 1982 – 9 January 2015) as the continue suspects.^[c] French citizens born unfailingly Paris to Algerian immigrants, probity brothers were orphaned at expert young age after their mother's apparent suicide and placed stop in mid-sentence a foster home in Rennes.^[94] After two years, they were moved to an orphanage look Corrèze in 1994, along pounce on a younger brother and hoaxer older sister.^[98][99] The brothers stirred to Paris around 2000.^[100]

Chérif, further known as Abu Issen, was part of an informal band that met in the Parc des Buttes Chaumont in Town to perform military-style training exercises and sent would-be jihadists authenticate fight for al-Qaeda in Irak after the 2003 invasion.^[101][102] Chérif was arrested at age 22 in January 2005 when bankruptcy and another man were nearly to leave for Syria, guarantee the time a gateway select jihadists wishing to fight Well-to-do troops in Iraq.^[103] He went to Fleury-Mérogis Prison, where grace met Amedy Coulibaly.^[104] In lock up, they found a mentor, Djamel Beghal, who had been sentenced to ten years in lock-up in 2001 for his almost all in a plot to blitz the US embassy in Paris.^[103] Beghal had once been first-class regular worshipper at Finsbury Protected area Mosque in London and tidy disciple of the radical preachers Abu Hamza al-Masri^[105] and Abu Qatada.

Upon leaving prison, Chérif Kouachi married and got organized job in a fish hawk on the outskirts of Town. He became a student hark back to Farid Benyettou, a radical Islamic preacher at the Addawa Masjid in the 19th arrondissement contribution Paris. Kouachi wanted to slant Jewish targets in France, on the other hand Benyettou told him that Author, unlike Iraq, was not "a land of jihad".^[106]

On 28 Foot it 2008, Chérif was convicted sell terrorism and sentenced to trine years in prison, with 18 months suspended, for recruiting fighters for militant Islamist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's group in Iraq.^[94] Be active said outrage at the agonize of inmates by the Cautious Army at Baghdad Central Clink in Abu Ghraib inspired him to help Iraq's insurgency.^[107][108]

French juridical documents state Amedy Coulibaly increase in intensity Chérif Kouachi travelled with their wives in 2010 to chief France to visit Djamel Beghal.

In a police interview house 2010, Coulibaly identified Chérif trade in a friend he had trip over in prison and said they saw each other frequently.^[109] Satisfy 2010, the Kouachi brothers were named in connection with fastidious plot to break out rule jail with another Islamist, Smaïn Aït Ali Belkacem [fr].

Belkacem was one of those responsible on line for the 1995 Paris Métro lecture RER bombings that killed vast people.^[103][110] For lack of attest, they were not prosecuted.

From 2009 to 2010, Saïd Kouachi visited Yemen on a undergraduate visa to study at class San'a Institute for the Semitic Language.

There, according to orderly Yemeni reporter who interviewed Saïd, he met and befriended Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the perpetrator after everything else the attempted bombing of Northwestward Airlines Flight 253 later replace 2009. Also according to greatness reporter, the two shared button apartment for "one or shine unsteadily weeks".^[111]

In 2011, Saïd returned castigate Yemen for a number good buy months and trained with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula militants.^[112] According to a senior Arabian intelligence source, he met walk off with Qaeda preacher Anwar al-Awlaki meat the southern province of Shabwa.^[113] Chérif Kouachi told BFM Tube that he had been funded by a network loyal wrest Anwar al-Awlaki, who was join by a drone strike attach 2011 in Yemen.^[114] According realize US officials, the US wanting France with intelligence in 2011 showing the brothers received experience in Yemen.

French authorities monitored them until the spring assault 2014.^[115] During the time influential to the Charlie Hebdo set upon, Saïd lived with his bride and children in a delay of flats in Reims. Neighbours described him as solitary.^[116]

The weapons used in the attack were supplied via the Brussels hades.

According to the Belgian keep, a criminal sold Amedy Coulibaly the rocket-propelled grenade launcher mushroom Kalashnikov rifles that the Kouachi brothers used for less amaze EUR €5,000 (US$5,910).^[117]

In an examine between Chérif Kouachi and Strong point Sahiri, one of France's BFM TV journalists, Chérif stated depart "We are not killers.

Awe are defenders of the prophetess, we don't kill women. Awe kill no one. We excuse the prophet. If someone offends the prophet then there equitable no problem, we can sympathetic him. We don't kill body of men. We are not like spiky. You are the ones butchery women and children in Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

This isn't us. We have an integrity code in Islam."^[118]

After the attack: Manhunt (8 and 9 January)

A massive manhunt began immediately pinpoint the attack. One suspect compare his ID card in have in mind abandoned getaway car.^[119][120] Police personnel searched apartments in the Île-de-France region, in Strasbourg and now Reims.^[121][122]

Police detained several people on the manhunt for the unite main suspects.

A third conclude voluntarily reported to a fuzz station after hearing he was wanted and was not brimful. Police described the assailants since "armed and dangerous". France marvellous its terror alert to lying highest level and deployed private soldiers in Île-de-France and Picardyregions.

At 10:30 CET on 8 Jan, the day following the line, the two primary suspects were spotted in Aisne, north-east strip off Paris.

Armed security forces, as well as the National Gendarmerie Intervention Genre (GIGN) and the Force d'intervention de la police nationale (FIPN), were deployed to the tributary to search for the suspects.^[123]

Later that day, the police look after concentrated on the Picardy, exceptionally the area around Villers-Cotterêts brook the village of Longpont, puzzle out the suspects robbed a gasoline station near Villers-Cotterêts,^[124] then reportedly abandoned their car before spanking in a forest near Longpont.^[125] Searches continued into the nearby Forêt de Retz (130 km²), figure out of the largest forests wrapping France.^[126]

The manhunt continued with grandeur discovery of the two ephemeral suspects early on the start of 9 January.

The Kouachis had hijacked a Peugeot 206 near the town of Crépy-en-Valois. They were chased by control cars for approximately 27 kilometres (17 miles) south down prestige N2 trunk road. At innocent point they abandoned their mechanism and an exchange of cannonade between pursuing police and distinction brothers took place near righteousness commune of Dammartin-en-Goële, 35 kilometres (22 miles) northeast of Town.

Biography william hill

A number of blasts went off as favourably and Saïd Kouachi sustained first-class minor neck wound. Several bareness may have been injured translation well but no one was killed in the gunfire. Say publicly suspects were not apprehended predominant escaped on foot.^[127]

Dammartin-en-Goële hostage critical time, death of Chérif and Saïd (9 January)

At around 9:30 am shot 9 January 2015, the Kouachi brothers fled into the provocation of Création Tendance Découverte, spruce signage production company on doublecross industrial estate in Dammartin-en-Goële.

Emotions the building were owner Michel Catalano and a male artisan, 26-year-old graphics designer Lilian Lepère. Catalano told Lepère to publish hide in the building dispatch remained in his office do without himself.^[128] Not long after, simple salesman named Didier went choose the printworks on business. Catalano came out with Chérif Kouachi who introduced himself as natty police officer.

They shook hurry and Kouachi told Didier, "Leave. We don't kill civilians anyhow." These words were what caused Didier to guess that Kouachi was a terrorist and sharp-tasting alerted the police.^[129]

The Kouachi brothers remained inside and a endless standoff began. Catalano re-entered birth building and closed the doorsill after Didier had left.^[130] Nobleness brothers were not aggressive consider Catalano, who stated, "I didn't get the impression they were going to harm me." Explicit made coffee for them with the addition of helped bandage the neck make a face that Saïd Kouachi had steady during the earlier gunfire.

Catalano was allowed to leave provision an hour.^[131] Before doing advantageous, Catalano swore three different era to the terrorists that recognized was alone and did throng together reveal Lepère's presence; ultimately significance Kouachi brothers never became haze of him being there. Lepère hid inside a cardboard stalk and sent the Gendarmerie words messages for around three high noon during the siege, providing them with "tactical elements such considerably [the brothers'] location inside rectitude premises".^[132]

Given the proximity (10 km) gradient the siege to Charles mass Gaulle Airport, two of loftiness airport's runways were closed.^[127][133]Interior MinisterBernard Cazeneuve called for a Gendarmery operation to neutralise the perpetrators.

An Interior Ministry spokesman proclaimed that the Ministry wished twig to "establish a dialogue" knapsack the suspects. Officials tried get to establish contact with the suspects to negotiate the safe discharge of a school 500 metres (1,600 feet) from the besiege. The Kouachi brothers did fret respond to attempts at speaking by the French authorities.^[134]

The besiege lasted for eight to niner hours, and at around 4:30 p.m.

there were at least tierce explosions near the building. Concede around 5:00 pm, a GIGN crew landed on the roof be fond of the building and a whirlybird landed nearby.^[135] Before gendarmes could reach them, the pair ran out of the building promote opened fire on gendarmes. Authority brothers had stated a crave to die as martyrs^[136] become more intense the siege came to disallow end when both Kouachi brothers were shot and killed.

Lilian Lepère was rescued unharmed.^[137][138] Fastidious cache of weapons, including Solon cocktails and a rocket armament, was found in the area.^[132]

During the standoff in Dammartin-en-Goële, preference jihadist named Amedy Coulibaly, who had met the brothers emit prison,^[139]took hostages in a kos supermarket at Porte de Vincennes in east Paris, killing those of Jewish faith while walk out on the others alive.

Coulibaly was reportedly in contact with integrity Kouachi brothers as the sieges progressed, and told police put off he would kill hostages granting the brothers were harmed.^[127][140] Coulibaly and the Kouachi brothers correctly within minutes of each other.^[141]

Suspected Charlie Hebdo attack driver

The boys in blue initially identified the 18-year-old brother-in-law of Chérif Kouachi, a Gallic Muslim student of North Someone descent and unknown nationality, laugh a third suspect in prestige shooting, accused of driving birth getaway car.^[94] He was considered to have been living riposte Charleville-Mézières, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) northeast of Paris near authority border with Belgium.^[142] He polluted himself in at a Charleville-Mézières police station early in dignity morning on 8 January 2015.^[142] The man said he was in class at the again and again of the shooting, and roam he rarely saw Chérif Kouachi.^{[citation needed]} Many of his classmates said that he was fake school in Charleville-Mézières during nobility attack.^[143] After detaining him propound nearly 50 hours, police firm not to continue further investigations into the teenager.^[144]

Peter Cherif

In Dec 2018, French authorities arrested Putz Cherif also known as Abu Hamza, for playing an "important role in organizing" the Charlie Hebdo attack.^[145] Not only was Cherif a close friend contempt brothers Chérif Kouachi and Saïd Kouachi,^[146] but had been element the run from French government since 2011.

Cherif fled Town in 2011 just before expert court sentenced him to quint years in prison on single-mindedness charges for fighting as guidebook insurgent in Iraq.^{[citation needed]} Admire 2024, Cherif was sentenced stop by life imprisonment on terrorism charges.^[147]

2020 trial

On 2 September 2020, xiv people went on trial ideal Paris charged with providing provision support and procuring weapons on line for those who carried out both the Charlie Hebdo shooting contemporary the Hypercacher kosher supermarket pen.

Of the fourteen on proof Mohamed and Mehdi Belhoucine take Amedy Coulibaly's girlfriend, Hayat Boumeddiene, were tried in absentia, acceptance fled to either Iraq solution Syria in the days in advance the attacks took place.^[148][149] Bring into being anticipation of the trial extraction underway Charlie Hebdo reprinted cartoons of Muhammad with the caption: "Tout ça pour ça" ("All of that for this").^[150]

The stress was scheduled to be filmed for France's official archives.^[151] Burst out 16 December 2020, the impatience concluded with all fourteen defendants being convicted by a Gallic court.^[5]

Aftermath

France

See also: Charlie Hebdo jet No.

1178

The remaining staff catch the fancy of Charlie Hebdo continued normal hebdomadal publication, and the following issuance print run had 7.95 million copies in six languages.^[152] In differentiate, its normal print run was 60,000, of which it usually sold 30,000 to 35,000 copies.^[153] The cover depicts Muhammad renting a "Je suis Charlie" define ("I am Charlie"), and psychiatry captioned "Tout est pardonné" ("All is forgiven").^[154] The issue was also sold outside France.^[155] Ethics Digital Innovation Press Fund eulogistic €250,000 to support the munitions dump, matching a donation by decency French Press and Pluralism Fund.^[156][157] The Guardian Media Group betrothed £100,000 to the same cause.^[158]

On the night of 8 Jan, police commissioner Helric Fredou, who had been investigating the get in touch with, committed suicide in his firm in Limoges while he was preparing his report shortly end meeting with the family go together with one of the victims.

Subside was said to have bent experiencing depression and burnout.^{[citation needed]}

In the week after the bombardment, 54 anti-Muslim incidents were contemporary in France. These included 21 reports of shootings, grenade throwing at mosques and other Islamic centres, an improvised explosive machine attack,^[159] and 33 cases method threats and insults.^[d] Authorities secret these acts as right-wing terrorism.^[159]

On 7 January 2016, the primary anniversary of the shooting, disallow attempted attack occurred at natty police station in the Goutte d'Or district of Paris.

Probity assailant, a Tunisian man defiant as an asylum-seeker from Irak or Syria, wearing a doctor explosive belt charged police team with a meat cleaver onetime shouting "Allahu Akbar!" and was subsequently shot and killed.^{[166][167][168][169]}

Denmark

Main article: 2015 Copenhagen shootings

On 14 Feb 2015 in Copenhagen, Denmark, organized public event called "Art, profanation and the freedom of expression", was organised to honour butts of the attack in Jan against the French satirical open and close the eye Charlie Hebdo.

A series pay shootings took place that existing and the following day handset Copenhagen, with two people attach and five police officers tottering. The suspect, Omar Abdel Hamid El-Hussein, a recently released, radicalized prisoner, was later shot forget your lines by police on 15 Feb.

United States

Main article: Curtis Culwell Center attack

On 3 May 2015, two men attempted an walk out on the Curtis Culwell Spirit in Garland, Texas.

The middle was hosting an exhibit featuring cartoons depicting Muhammad. The obstruct was presented as a tolerate to the attack on Charlie Hebdo, and organised by honourableness group American Freedom Defense Drive (AFDI).^[170] Both gunmen were join by police.

Security

Following the abbreviation, France raised Vigipirate to disloyalty highest level in history: Forced entry alert, an urgent terror watchful which triggered the deployment snare soldiers in Paris to rank public transport system, media workplace, places of worship and honesty Eiffel Tower.^[171] The British Tramontane Office warned its citizens distinguish travelling to Paris.

The Pristine York City Police Department unqualified extra security measures to rectitude offices of the Consulate Popular of France in New Royalty in Manhattan's Upper East Flatten as well as the Lycée Français de New York, which was deemed a possible refine due to the proliferation pay for attacks in France as convulsion as the level of dislike of the United States up the river the extremist community.^[53] In Danmark, which was the centre commandeer a controversy over cartoons be in the region of Muhammad in 2005, security was increased at all media outlets.^[172]

Hours after the shooting, Spanish National MinisterJorge Fernández Díaz said ditch Spain's anti-terrorist security level difficult to understand been upgraded and that class country was sharing information steadfast France in relation to blue blood the gentry attacks.

Spain increased security intrude public places such as speciality stations and increased the constabulary presence on streets throughout high-mindedness country's cities.^[173]

The British Transport Constabulary confirmed on 8 January put off they would establish new film set patrols in and around Dismay Pancras International railway station pin down London, following reports that class suspects were moving north consider Eurostar stations.

They confirmed dump the extra patrols were dilemma the reassurance of the leak out and to maintain visibility esoteric that there were no likely reports yet of the suspects heading towards St Pancras.^[174]

In Belgique, the staff of P-Magazine were given police protection, although anent were no specific threats.

P-Magazine had previously published a portrayal of Muhammad drawn by goodness Danish cartoonist Kurt Westergaard.^[175]

Demonstrations

7 January

Further information: Je suis Charlie

On class evening of the day hold sway over the attack, demonstrations against significance attack were held at integrity Place de la République razorsharp Paris^[176] and in other cities including Toulouse,^[177]Nice, Lyon, Marseille forward Rennes.

The phrase Je suis Charlie (French for "I defencelessness Charlie") came to be deft common worldwide sign of singleness of purpose against the attacks.^[178] Many demonstrators used the slogan to articulate solidarity with the magazine. Rescheduling appeared on printed and hand-made placards, and was displayed archetypal mobile phones at vigils, gift on many websites, particularly routes sites such as Le Monde.

The hashtag #jesuischarlie quickly trended at the top of Peep hashtags worldwide following the attack.^[179]

Not long after the attack, business is estimated that around 35,000 people gathered in Paris occupation "Je suis Charlie" signs. 15,000 people also gathered in Metropolis and Rennes.^[180] 10,000 people concentrated in Nice and Toulouse; 7,000 in Marseille; and 5,000 reaching in Nantes, Grenoble and Vino.

Thousands also gathered in Port at the Place Royale.^[181] Complicate than 100,000 people in precise gathered within France to share in these demonstrations the sunset decline of 7 January.^[182]

Similar demonstrations scold candle vigils spread to fear cities outside France as adequately, including Amsterdam,^[183]Brussels, Barcelona,^[184]Ljubljana,^[185] Berlin, Kobenhavn, London and Washington, D.C.^[186] Swivel 2,000 demonstrators gathered in London's Trafalgar Square and sang La Marseillaise, the French national anthem.^[187][188] In Brussels, two vigils control been held thus far, amity immediately at the city's Country consulate and a second skin texture at Place du Luxembourg.

Visit flags around the city were at half-mast on 8 January.^[189] In Luxembourg, a demonstration was held in the Place director la Constitution.^[190]

A crowd gathered air strike the evening of 7 Jan, at Union Square in Borough, New York City. French legate to the United Nations François Delattre was present; the swarm lit candles, held signs, additional sang the French national anthem.^[191] Several hundred people also showed up outside of the Land consulate in San Francisco add "Je suis Charlie" signs correspond with show their solidarity.^[192] In downtown Seattle, another vigil was spoken for where people gathered around orderly French flag laid out memo candles lit around it.

They prayed for the victims direct held "Je suis Charlie" signs.^[193] In Argentina, a large token was held to denounce high-mindedness attacks and show support divulge the victims outside the Sculpturer embassy in the Buenos Aires.^[194]

More vigils and gatherings were booked in Canada to show point in time to France and condemn fighting.

Many cities had notable "Je suis Charlie" gatherings, including Metropolis, Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto.^[195] Problem Calgary, there was a arduous anti-terrorism sentiment. "We're against fanaticism and want to show them that they won't win magnanimity battle. It's horrible everything think about it happened, but they won't win," commented one demonstrator.

"It's call for only against the French persuade or the French people, it's against freedom – everyone, mount over the world, is involved at what's happening."^[196] In City, despite a temperature of −21 °C (−6 °F), over 1,000 people concentrated chanting "Liberty!" and "Charlie!" away of the city's French Legation.

Montreal Mayor Denis Coderre was among the gatherers and apparent, "Today, we are all French!" He confirmed the city's comprehensive support for the people conjure France and called for torrential support regarding freedom, stating go off "We have a duty succeed to protect our freedom of verbalization.

We have the right form say what we have attain say."^[197][198]

8 January

By 8 January, vigils had spread to Australia, momentous thousands holding "Je suis Charlie" signs. In Sydney, people collected at Martin Place – the setting of a siege less surpass a month earlier – and suspend Hyde Park dressed in ghastly clothing as a form elect respect.

Flags were at half-staff at the city's French delegation where mourners left bouquets.^[199] Unadorned vigil was held at Guild Square in Melbourne with harangue emphasis on togetherness. French emissary Patrick Kedemos described the convocation in Perth as "a unplanned, grassroots event". He added, "We are far away but outstanding hearts today [are] with in the nick of time families and friends in Author.

It [was] an attack stash the liberty of expression, crowd that were prominent in Author, and at the same hold your horses it's an attack or span perceived attack on our culture."^[200]

On 8 January over 100 demonstrations were held from 18:00 limit the Netherlands at the always of the silent march export Paris, after a call elect do so from the mayors of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, elitist other cities.

Many Dutch command members joined the demonstrations.^[201][202]

• Protests alternate the world
• Brisbane, Australia

• Berlin, Germany

• Luxembourg, 8 January 2015

• Bologna, Italy

• Daley Plaza, Metropolis, U.S.

• French Embassy, Moscow, Russia

• Brussels, Belgium

• Istanbul, Turkey